Other important religious figures of this era were Narsimha Saraswati, and Mahanubhava sect founder Chakradhar Swami. These include Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Eknath, Bahinabai and Tukaram. Most of the Marathi Bhakti poet saints, who worshipped Vitthal, belonged to the period between late Yadava and the late Islamic era. Surnames derived from service during that period such as Fadnis, Chitnis, Mirasdar, etc. Per Kulkarni, for the elites of the era using Persian words was a status symbol. Islamic rule also led to Persian vocabulary entering the Marathi language. Since most of the population was Hindu and spoke Marathi, even the sultans such as Ibrahim Adil Shah I adopted Marathi as the court language for administration and record-keeping. The watandars were the first to oppose Shivaji because it hurt their economic interests. All watandar considered their watan a source of economic power and pride and were reluctant to part with it. A number of families such as Bhosale, Shirke, Ghorpade, Jadhav, More, Mahadik, Ghatge, and Nimbalkar loyally served different sultans at different periods of time. For most of this period Brahmins were in charge of accounts, whereas revenue collection was in the hands of Marathas who held watans (hereditary rights) of Patilki (revenue collection at village level), and Deshmukhi (revenue collection over a larger area). However, the mainly Hindu population and their Islamic rulers came to an accommodation over time. The early period of Islamic rule saw atrocities such as the imposition of a Jaziya tax on non-Muslims, temple destruction and forcible conversions. After the Yadav defeat, the area was ruled for the next 300 years by a succession of Muslim rulers including (in chronological order): the Khaljis, the Tughlaqs, and the Bahamani Sultanate and its successor states called the Deccan sultanates, such as Adilshahi, Nizamshahi, and the Mughal Empire. The Yadavas were defeated by the Khaljis in 1321. The Seuna dynasty, also known as the Yadava dynasty of Devagiri, ruled Maharashtra from the 13th century to the 14th century. įrom the early 11th century to the 12th century, the Deccan Plateau was dominated by the Western Chalukya Empire and the Chola dynasty. The Persian merchant and traveler, Sulaiman al-Tajir, who wrote of his many voyages to India and China in the mid-9th century CE, called the ruler of the Rashtrakuta dynasty, Amoghavarsha, "one of the four great kings of the world". The Rashtrakuta dynasty ruled Maharashtra from the 8th to the 10th century. The two prominent rulers were Pulakeshin II, who defeated the north Indian Emperor Harsh, and Vikramaditya II, who defeated Arab invaders in the 8th century. The Vakataka dynasty then ruled Maharashtra from the 3rd century to the 5th century AD, and the Chalukya dynasty from the 6th century to the 8th century. History Ancient to medieval period ĭuring the ancient period, around 230 BC, Maharashtra came under the rule of the Satavahana dynasty, which ruled the region for 400 years.
4.4 Festivals and celebrations observed by other communities.
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